Thymol and Piperine-Loaded Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Modulate Inflammatory Mediators and Apoptosis in Murine Macrophages

Abstract This study aimed at preparing and characterizing thymol, eugenol, piperine-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles evaluating the effect on inflammatory mediators secretion apoptosis in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Nanoparticles were produced by solvent evaporation technique. Dynamic light scattering scanning electron microscopy used to physicochemical characteristics. cells as a model for vitro assays. The 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay was determine cytotoxicity of formulated nanoparticles. An annexin V detection kit assess apoptosis. Nitric oxide production determined using Griess reagent, level evaluated with Th1/Th2 cytokine fluorometric cyclooxygenase kits. loaded showed particle size around 190 nm low polydispersity between 0.069 0.104 zeta potential between–1.2 and–9.5 mV. Reduced compared free molecules against observed seemed occur through mechanism associated A decrease enzyme activity an increasing concentration observed. Both their capacity modulate process mostly inhibiting investigated cytokines. data presented this indicate that thymol acid could serve novel anti-inflammatory colloidal drug delivery system reduced toxicity. However, further should be considered optimize formulation’s loading thereby probably enhance bioactivity treating diseases.